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Knowledge Bank
Miniaturization is evident in memory card creation; over time, the physical card sizes grow smaller.
SanDisk HC Memory Card 32 GB with Adapter
A memory card or flash card is an electronic flash memory data storage device used for storing digital information. They are commonly used in many electronic devices, including digital cameras, mobile phones, laptop computers, MP3 players and video game consoles. They are small, re-recordable, and able to retain data without power.
Since 2010, new products of Sony (previously only using Memory Stick) and Olympus (previously only using XD-Card) are offered with an additional SD-Card slot.[1] Effectively the format war has turned in SD-Card's favor.[2][3][4]
PlayStation memory card
Video game consoles use memory cards to hold saved game data. Cartridge-based systems primarily used battery-backed volatile RAM within each individual cartridge to hold saves for that game. The Neo Geo AES, released in 1990 by SNK,
was the first video game console able to use a memory card. AES memory
cards were also compatible with Neo-Geo MVS arcade cabinets, allowing
players to migrate saves between home and arcade systems and vice versa.
Memory cards became commonplace when home consoles moved to read-only optical discs for storing the game program, beginning with systems such as the TurboGrafx-CD and Mega-CD.
Until the sixth generation of video game consoles, memory cards were based on proprietary formats; later systems have used established industry hardware formats for memory cards.
Home consoles now commonly use hard disk drive storage for saved games and allow the use of generic USB flash drives or other card formats via a memory card reader to transport game saves and other game information, along with cloud storage saving, though most portable gaming systems still rely on custom memory cartridges to store program data, due to their low power consumption, smaller physical size and reduced mechanical complexity.
Card adapters can be purchased that enable backwards compatibility — this would allow MicroSD cards to work in SD and MiniSD slots, and also for MicroSD cards to work in SD card slots.
Lifespan and Care Tips
Memory cards are quite sturdy and you can expect cards to be capable of working through more than one million data write/read/erase cycles. The card itself has its weakest point at its socket connectors, which are used when you remove and reinsert the memory card into a device. You can expect a memory card to be capable of withstanding around 10,000 insertions. These numbers, of course, will differ slightly between manufacturers.
Like with any consumer electronic or device, proper care is required by the users to meet the lifespan of the device. You should avoid applying too much pressure on your memory cards, and never drop or bend the card either. When the correct memory card is being used in a device, it will fit into the slot only in one direction and it will easily slide and click into place. You should never have to apply any amount of pressure to make the card fit. Memory cards should also be kept away from electrostatic sources and should never be introduced to direct sunlight or extreme ranges of temperatures.
Lastly, damaging the card or the data contained on it can happen if you try to eject the card from the device or card reader, or if you try and turn the device off while you are transferring the data to or from the memory card. So definitely avoid doing that to protect your data and card itself.
Today's Market & Prices
[Current Price examples & images from TigerDirect.com - 10/04/07]
The MultiMediaCard also known as MMC, is not a currently supported standard the last revision of the standard
was in 2005 and most cameras do not accept MMC formats. MMC provides a maximum of 4GB of storage.
Source :- http://simple.wikipedia.org,http://www.webopedia.com,http://snapsort.com/,
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Knowledge Bank
Memory Card
Memory card
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
History
PC Cards (PCMCIA) were among first commercial memory card formats (type I cards) to come out in the 1990s, but are now mainly used in industrial applications and to connect I/O devices such as modems. In 1990s, a number of memory card formats smaller than PC Card arrived, including CompactFlash, SmartMedia, and Miniature Card. The desire for smaller cards for cell-phones, PDAs, and compact digital cameras drove a trend that left the previous generation of "compact" cards looking big. In digital cameras SmartMedia and CompactFlash had been very successful, in 2001 SM alone captured 50% of the digital camera market and CF had a stranglehold on professional digital cameras. By 2005 however, SD/MMC had nearly taken over SmartMedia's spot, though not to the same level and with stiff competition coming from Memory Stick variants, as well as CompactFlash. In industrial and embedded fields, even the venerable PC card (PCMCIA) memory cards still manage to maintain a niche, while in mobile phones and PDAs, the memory card market was highly fragmented until 2010 when micro-SD came to dominate new high-end phones and tablet computers.Since 2010, new products of Sony (previously only using Memory Stick) and Olympus (previously only using XD-Card) are offered with an additional SD-Card slot.[1] Effectively the format war has turned in SD-Card's favor.[2][3][4]
Data table of selected memory card formats
| Name | Acronym | Form factor | DRM |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC Card | PCMCIA | 85.6 × 54 × 3.3 mm | No |
| CompactFlash I | CF-I | 43 × 36 × 3.3 mm | No |
| CompactFlash II | CF-II | 43 × 36 × 5.5 mm | No |
| SmartMedia | SM / SMC | 45 × 37 × 0.76 mm | No |
| Memory Stick | MS | 50.0 × 21.5 × 2.8 mm | MagicGate |
| Memory Stick Duo | MSD | 31.0 × 20.0 × 1.6 mm | MagicGate |
| Memory Stick PRO Duo | MSPD | 31.0 × 20.0 × 1.6 mm | MagicGate |
| Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo | MSPDX | 31.0 × 20.0 × 1.6 mm | MagicGate |
| Memory Stick Micro M2 | M2 | 15.0 × 12.5 × 1.2 mm | MagicGate |
| Miniature Card | 37 × 45 × 3.5 mm | No | |
| Multimedia Card | MMC | 32 × 24 × 1.5 mm | No |
| Reduced Size Multimedia Card | RS-MMC | 16 × 24 × 1.5 mm | No |
| MMCmicro Card | MMCmicro | 12 × 14 × 1.1 mm | No |
| P2 card | P2 | No | |
| Secure Digital card | SD | 32 × 24 × 2.1 mm | CPRM |
| SxS | SxS | No | |
| Universal Flash Storage | UFS | Unknown | |
| miniSD card | miniSD | 21.5 × 20 × 1.4 mm | CPRM |
| microSD card | microSD | 15 × 11 × 0.7 mm | CPRM |
| xD-Picture Card | xD | 20 × 25 × 1.7 mm | No |
| Intelligent Stick | iStick | 24 × 18 × 2.8 mm | No |
| Serial Flash Module | SFM | 45 × 15 mm | No |
| µ card | µcard | 32 × 24 × 1 mm | Unknown |
| NT Card | NT NT+ | 44 × 24 × 2.5 mm | No |
| XQD card | XQD | 38.5 × 29.8 × 3.8 mm | Unknown |
-
Secure Digital card (SD)
-
MiniSD Card with an SD card adapter
-
CompactFlash (CF-I)
-
MultiMediaCard (MMC)
Overview of all memory card types
Main article: Comparison of memory cards
- PCMCIA ATA Type I Flash Memory Card (PC Card ATA Type I)
- PCMCIA Type II, Type III cards
- CompactFlash Card (Type I), CompactFlash High-Speed
- CompactFlash Type II, CF+(CF2.0), CF3.0
- Microdrive
- MiniCard (Miniature Card) (max 64 MB (64 MiB))
- SmartMedia Card (SSFDC) (max 128 MB) (3.3 V,5 V)
- xD-Picture Card, xD-Picture Card Type M
- Memory Stick, MagicGate Memory Stick (max 128 MB); Memory Stick Select, MagicGate Memory Stick Select ("Select" means: 2x128 MB with A/B switch)
- SecureMMC
- Secure Digital (SD Card), Secure Digital High-Speed, Secure Digital Plus/Xtra/etc (SD with USB connector)
- miniSD card
- microSD card (aka Transflash, T-Flash)
- SDHC
- WiFi SD Cards (SD Card With WiFi Card Built in) Powered by Device. (Eye-Fi,WiFi SD, Flash Air)
- MU-Flash (Mu-Card) (Mu-Card Alliance of OMIA)
- C-Flash
- SIM card (Subscriber Identity Module)
- Smart card (ISO/IEC 7810, ISO/IEC 7816 card standards, etc.)
- UFC (USB FlashCard) [1] (uses USB)
- FISH Universal Transportable Memory Card Standard (uses USB)
- Intelligent Stick (iStick, a USB-based flash memory card with MMS)
- SxS (S-by-S) memory card, a new memory card specification developed by Sandisk and Sony. SxS complies to the ExpressCard industry standard. [5]
- Nexflash Winbond Serial Flash Module (SFM) cards, size range 1 mb, 2 mb and 4 mb.
Video game consoles
 |
This section does not cite any references or sources. (December 2011) |
Until the sixth generation of video game consoles, memory cards were based on proprietary formats; later systems have used established industry hardware formats for memory cards.
Home consoles now commonly use hard disk drive storage for saved games and allow the use of generic USB flash drives or other card formats via a memory card reader to transport game saves and other game information, along with cloud storage saving, though most portable gaming systems still rely on custom memory cartridges to store program data, due to their low power consumption, smaller physical size and reduced mechanical complexity.
Different Types of Memory Cards
|
Memory cards are a popular storage medium for many of today's consumer electronics devices, including digital cameras, cellphones, handheld devices and other small electronic devices. Flash memory
is nonvolatile, that is the memory card will not lose its data when
removed from the device, and the cards can also be erased or reformatted
and reused. For most consumers, when buying a memory card you have to consider price, capacity and compatibility. Some devices will support up to a specific size of memory card, and a specific type of memory card as well. Its important to read the information that came with your device to ensure you purchase a memory card that will work in your device. There are a few major types of memory cards that can be used in common electronics, such as a digital camera. Each of these types of memory cards are different sizes and, as the technology progresses further, we see that over time the cards have become smaller in physical size but grow larger in logical size. Common Types of Memory CardsPCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)The PCMCIA standard has been expanded several times and are suitable for many types of devices. There are three types of PCMCIA cards. All three have the same rectangular size (85.6 by 54 millimeters), but different widths:
|
CompactFlash (CF)
Invented by SanDisk Corporation in 1994, CompactFlash cards can support 3.3V and 5V operation and can switch between the two, in contrast to other small-form factor flash memory cards that can operate only at one voltage. The card was designed based on the PCMCIA PC Card standard and can fit into a PCMCIA slot with an adapter. There are two types of CompactFlash cards to accommodate different capacities:- Type I cards are 42.8mm x 36.4mm x 3.3 mm thick
- Type II cards are 42.8mm x 36.4mm x 5.5 mm thick.
Secure Digital Card (SD card)
SD cards are used in many small portable devices such as digital video camcorders, digital cameras, handheld computers, audio players and mobile phones. In use since 1999, SD Memory Cards are now available in capacities between 16 Megabytes and 1 Gigabyte, and still growing. An SD card typically measures 32 mm x 24 mm x 2.1 mm and weighs approximately 2grams.MiniSD Card
After the success of the SD Card (Secure Digital Card), the miniSD Memory Card was developed to meet the demands of the mobile phone market. The MiniSD Card provides the same benefits as the SD Card, but is smaller than the original SD Card. MiniSD Cards are typically found in many newer mobile phones with features such as built-in digital cameras, downloading and games, basically the mobile phones where the miniSD can meet the requirements for increased data storage. MiniSD cards are 21.5 mm x 20 mm x 1.4 mm and generally provide 16MB to 256MB of storage.MicroSD
Mainly used in mobile phones and other small handheld devices the MicroSD format is currently available in capacities up to 4GB, and it roughly 1/4th the size of the SD card at 15mm W 11mm W 0.7mm. The MicroSD card is also the smallest memory card available.Card adapters can be purchased that enable backwards compatibility — this would allow MicroSD cards to work in SD and MiniSD slots, and also for MicroSD cards to work in SD card slots.
MultiMediaCard (MMC)
The MultiMediaCard (MMC) standard was introduced by SanDisk and Siemens in 1997. The card itself is 32 mm x 24 mm x 1.4mm and is often used in place of the SD card. Transfer speeds of a MMC is around 2.5MB/s and they can often be used in SD Card readers.Sony Memory Sticks
Sony Memory Sticks are light, compact and designed for a wide variety of devices including digital cameras, recorders, and more. With the use of an adapter most Sony Memory Sticks can be used with almost all Memory Stick PRO compatible products.- Memory Stick Micro (M2): 15 mm x 12.5 mm x 1.2 mm
- Memory Stick PRO: 50 mm x 21.5 mm x 2.8 mm. The Memory Stick PRO format has an an 8-bit parallel interface with theoretical transfer rates up to 480Mb/s. It is commonly used in high megapixel digital cameras and digital camcorders.
- Memory Stick PRO DUO: 31 mm x 20 mm x 1.6 mm. The Memory Stick PRO Duo media is about one-third the volume and half the weight of standard-size media, but offers all the advanced functions of Memory Stick PRO media.
SmartMedia
Introduced by Toshiba in 1995 the SmartMedia cards are now considered obsolete despite its popular usage for five years. SmartMedia cards are 45 mm x 37 mm x 0.76 mm and could be found in their peak times in 16MB, 32MB, and 128MB versions. Even as an obsolete card, it is still sought after by users of older devices which cannot use memory cards larger than 128MB.xD-Picture Card
Abbreviated as xD (Extreme Digital), the xD-Picture Card is a type of removable flash memory designed for use in digital cameras. The xD is ultra-compact with its size of 20mm x 25mm x 1.7mm. The xD-Picture Card was developed by Fuji film and Olympus and are used in many models of digital cameras made by Olympus and Fujifilm.Lifespan and Care Tips
Memory cards are quite sturdy and you can expect cards to be capable of working through more than one million data write/read/erase cycles. The card itself has its weakest point at its socket connectors, which are used when you remove and reinsert the memory card into a device. You can expect a memory card to be capable of withstanding around 10,000 insertions. These numbers, of course, will differ slightly between manufacturers.
Like with any consumer electronic or device, proper care is required by the users to meet the lifespan of the device. You should avoid applying too much pressure on your memory cards, and never drop or bend the card either. When the correct memory card is being used in a device, it will fit into the slot only in one direction and it will easily slide and click into place. You should never have to apply any amount of pressure to make the card fit. Memory cards should also be kept away from electrostatic sources and should never be introduced to direct sunlight or extreme ranges of temperatures.
Lastly, damaging the card or the data contained on it can happen if you try to eject the card from the device or card reader, or if you try and turn the device off while you are transferring the data to or from the memory card. So definitely avoid doing that to protect your data and card itself.
Today's Market & Prices
| Compact Flash (CF) | Secure Digital (SD) Card | xD-Picture Card | Sony Memory Stick PRO Duo | |
 42.8mm x 36.4mm x 3.3 mm |
 24mm W 32mm W 2.1mm |
 20mm x 25mm x 1.7mm |
 31 mm x 20 mm x 1.6 mm |
|
| SanDisk 8GB CF Type II card $130 Transcend 4GB CF Type I Card $50 |
Sandisk 2GB Secure Digital Card $30 PNY 1GB SD Card $17 |
Fuji 1GB XD Card $30 SanDisk 1GB XD Type M Picture Card $30 Fuji 1GB XD Card $50 |
Sony 1GB Memory Stick Pro Duo $30 Sony 4GB Memory Stick Pro Duo $70 |
|
Did You Know... The CompactFlash, Memory Stick, Secure Digital, and xD cards are currently the most common cards used for digital cameras. |
| Key Terms To Understanding Memory Cards:
NAND NAND Flash architecture is one of two flash technologies (the other being NOR) used in memory cards such as the CompactFlash cards. It is also used in USB Flash drives, MP3 players, and provides the image storage for digital cameras. USB card reader A small USB plug-and-play device used to read, copy and back up data from portable flash memory cards such as an SD Card, MiniSD, MicroSD, SIM and others that are used in a wide variety of consumer electronics products. smart card A small electronic device about the size of a credit card that contains electronic memory, and possibly an embedded integrated circuit (IC). Smart cards containing an IC are sometimes called Integrated Circuit Cards (ICCs). |
Memory Stick
Sony launched the memory stick format in 1998 and has developed several improvements/revisions of the format since then. In typical Sony fashion they developed a proprietary format instead of utilizing industry standards like compact flash and secure digital - their format never really caught on with other manufacturers. Although memory stick is still around most Sony cameras also support Secure Digital, having won the digital camera format war.Memory Stick
Memory Stick
- First iteration of the memory stick format
- Released in 1998
- Provides up to 128MB of storage
Memory Stick Pro
Memory Stick Pro
- Second iteration of the memory stick format
- Released in 2003
- Provides up to 4GB of storage
Memory Stick Duo
Memory Stick Duo
- First iteration of the compact Duo style Memory Stick
- Released in 2003
- Provides up to 128MB of storage
- About 1/2 the size of a regular Memory Stick
Memory Stick Pro Duo
Memory Stick Duo
- Second iteration of the compact Duo style Memory Stick
- Released in 2006
- Provides up to 32GB of storage
- About 1/2 the size of a regular Memory Stick
Recent digital cameras than use Memory Stick PRO Duo
Memory Stick Pro-HG Duo
Pro-HG Duo
- Most recent iteration of the compact Duo style Memory Stick
- Released in 2008
- Provides up to 32GB of storage
- Provides faster read/write vs Pro Duo
Recent digital cameras than use Memory Stick PRO Duo
MMC - MultiMediaCard
MMC plus
Source :- http://simple.wikipedia.org,http://www.webopedia.com,http://snapsort.com/,
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